Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women with over 2 million new cases every year. Current screening and diagnostic procedures rely on imaging technology such as mammograms. However, through non-invasive fine needle aspiration (FNA), LICC can offer protein marker - improving breast cancer detection and treatment.

1. Early detection: Liquid immunocytochemistry allows for the detection of CTCs in the bloodstream or tumor cell presence from FNA samples. LICC provides a non-invasive approach to detect breast cancer, aiding in early diagnosis and potentially improving treatment outcomes.

2. Tumor characterization: Immunocytochemistry involves the use of specific antibodies that bind to protein markers expressed by cancer cells. By analyzing the protein markers on potential tumor cells, LICC can provide insights into the molecular characteristics of the breast tumor. This information helps in determining the subtype of breast cancer (such as hormone receptor status - estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and HER2/neu expression) and the presence of specific genetic mutations or alterations. Such information is crucial for tailoring treatment approaches, including the use of targeted therapies or hormone therapies.

3. Treatment monitoring: LICC provides a minimally invasive method to monitor treatment response over time. Changes in the number and characteristics of CTCs can indicate whether the treatment is effective or if the cancer is developing resistance. This real-time information can guide treatment decisions, including adjustments in chemotherapy regimens or targeted therapies.

4. Prognostic information: The presence and quantity of tumor cells detected detected through liquid immunocytochemistry can offer prognostic information for breast cancer patients. Higher levels of tumor cells have been associated with worse prognosis, increased risk of metastasis, and disease recurrence. By assessing cytology reports, physicians can gain insights into the aggressiveness of the breast cancer and make informed decisions regarding treatment strategies, including the need for adjuvant therapies or more intensive surveillance.